World Conference on Climate Change October 24-26, 2016 Valencia, Spain

Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. Climatology, the science of Climate and its relation to plant and animal life, is important in many fields, including agriculture, aviation, medicine, botany, zoology, geology, and geography. Changes in Climate affect, for example, the plant and animal life of a given area. Climatology, the science of Climate and its relation to plant and animal life, is important in many fields, including agriculture, aviation, medicine, botany, zoology, geology, and geography. Changes in Climate affect, for example, the plant and animal life of a given area. 

Recent climate changes and observed data indicate that near-surface air temperatures and precipitation are increasing globally. In response to twentieth century warming, glaciers have been retreating and snow cover extent has decreased. Arctic sea-ice thickness during the summer and early autumn has declined and tide gauge data show that sea level has been rising. Observational evidence indicates that regional changes in climate have already affected biological systems in many parts of the world.

Green House Gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorb heat (infrared radiation) emitted from Earth’s surface. Increases in the atmospheric concentrations of these gases cause Earth to warm by trapping more of this heat. Human activities—especially the burning of fossil fuels since the start of the Industrial Revolution—have increased atmospheric CO₂ concentrations by about 40.This has been accompanied by warming of the ocean, a rise in sea level, a strong decline in Arctic sea ice, and many other associated climate effects. Much of this warming has occurred in the last four decades. Detailed analyses have shown that the warming during this period is mainly a result of the increased concentrations of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases. Continued emissions of these gases will cause further climate change, including substantial increases in global average surface temperature and important changes in regional climate.

The key findings from separate assessments of biodiversity, ecosystem structure and function, ecosystem services, climate-change impacts in the context of other stressors, and societal responses to change. A major gap exists in integrating climate projections and social–ecological vulnerability analyses at scales that matter, which has affected local-scale adaptation planning and actions. an ecological assessment of the impacts of these climate forecasts on coral reefs. Establishing the intended purpose of a set of indicators and using indicators to understand attribution or cause-and-effect relationships. Tying indicators to a conceptual model of ecological function and ecosystem services and designating the parties involved with the indicator selection process  and achieving buy-in from users and establishing the indicators’ association with management decisions.

The global carbon cycle operates through a variety of response and feedback mechanism, responses of the carbon cycle to changing CO₂ concentrations. Anthropogenic CO₂ by the ocean is primarily governed by ocean circulation and carbonate chemistry. Changes in marine biology brought about by changes in calcification at low pH could increase the clean uptake of CO₂ by a few percentage points.

Climate change threatens human health and well-being in many ways, including impacts from increased extreme weather events, wildfire, decreased air quality, and illnesses transmitted by food, water, and diseases carriers such as mosquitoes and ticks. Climate change, together with other natural and human-made health stressors, influences human health and disease in numerous ways. Some existing health threats will intensify and new health threats will emerge. Not everyone is equally at risk. Important considerations include age, economic resources, and location. Changes in the greenhouse gas concentrations and other drivers alter the global climate and bring about myriad human health consequences.

Climate and climate-related hazards such as floods, storms, and droughts have served as trigger events for more than 75% of the disasters that have occurred globally over the past decade. Proportionately, these disasters affect the least developed countries most intensely, proving to be especially harmful to poverty stricken populations.

Carbon sequestration describes long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to either mitigate or defer global warming and avoid dangerous climate change. It has been proposed as a way to slow the atmospheric and marine accumulation of greenhouse gases, which are released by burning fossil fuels. CO2 sequestration has the potential to significantly reduce the level of carbon that occurs in the atmosphere as CO2 and to reduce the release of CO2 to the atmosphere from major stationary human sources, including power plants and refineries.

Climate change is expected to hit developing countries the hardest. Its effects—higher temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and more frequent weather-related disasters—pose risks for agriculture, food, and water supplies. At stake are recent gains in the fight against poverty, hunger and disease, and the lives and livelihoods of billions of people in developing countries. Addressing climate change requires unprecedented global cooperation across borders. Historical societal adaptations to climate fluctuations may provide insights on potential responses of modern societies to future climate change that has a bearing on water resources, food production and management of natural systems. The average air temperature will increase as the earth becomes hotter. This will cause shifts in normal weather and rainfall patterns. For example, some areas may become drier, while others may become wetter. The average temperature of the sea surface will increase, which may cause coral bleaching and changes in fish distribution. Sea level will rise in many locations due to a combination of the melting of land ice in Antarctica and other areas and the expansion of ocean waters as they warm. As the level of the sea rises, this may impact the coastline and increase the intensity of storm surges. Weather patterns including storms, drought, rainy seasons, and dry seasons will change in different ways in different places and may result in more extreme events.

These shorter- term variations are mostly due to natural causes, and do not contradict our fundamental understanding that the long-term warming trend is primarily due to human-induced changes in the atmospheric levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Emerging economy nations are actively seeking to identify opportunities and related financial, technical, and policy requirements to move toward a low carbon growth path. Extreme climate events such as aridity, drought, flood, cyclone and stormy rainfall are expected to leave an impact on human society. They are also expected to generate widespread response to adapt and mitigate the sufferings associated with these extremes. Societal and cultural responses to prolonged drought include population dislocation, cultural separation, habitation abandonment, and societal collapse. A typical response to local aridity is the human migration to safer and productive areas.

Activities that aim at raising awareness and improving access to scientific information on adaptation, so that decision-makers can better integrate climate change issues in development planning and poverty reduction measures. The activities include national science-policy dialogues, regional knowledge sharing strategies, and regional trainings. The science-policy dialogues are designed to address the need for better two-way interaction and communication at the science-policy interface on climate change issues, particularly on adaptation. Energy efficiency opportunities, which are of particular importance to cities, are buildings and district energy systems. To build a regulatory strategy, establish enabling legislation and regulatory standards, and set up enforcement mechanisms. To promote chemical safety and provide countries with access to information on toxic chemicals

Coastal Stressors: Physical, chemical and biological stressors are major components of the environment that, when changed by human or other activities, can result in degradation to natural resources. Coastal ecosystems the major threats to biodiversity are numerous, with climate stressors being well documented as a significant threat. This project aims to assess the impact of multiple climate stressors on biodiversity and coastal ecosystem service delivery, and in turn how these impacts affect the provision of ecosystem benefits and thus human well-being.

Climate change is one of the defining challenges of the 21st century, along with global population, poverty alleviation, environmental degradation and global security. The problem is that ‘climate change’ is no longer just a scientific concern, but encompasses economics, sociology, geopolitics, national and local politics, law, and health just to name a few. But with so many other problems in the world should we care about climate change? What we are finding is that if we do not produce win-win solutions then climate change will make all our other problems worse.

Climate change raises significant social, environmental and legal challenges. The governance system applying to climate change is complex and multi-level. A central issue in international law and policy is how countries of the world should allocate the burden of addressing global climate change. Countries around the world are taking important domestic actions to help tackle the issue of climate change.

Climate Changes in ocean systems generally occur over much longer time periods than in the atmosphere, where storms can form and dissipate in a single day. Interactions between the oceans and atmosphere occur slowly over many months to years, and so does the movement of water within the oceans, including the mixing of deep and shallow waters. Thus, trends can persist for decades, centuries, or longer. For this reason, even if greenhouse gas emissions were stabilized tomorrow, it would take many more years—decades to centuries—for the oceans to adjust to changes in the atmosphere and the climate that have already occurred.

Sustainability broadly means balancing economic, social and environmental systems so that one ‘system’ does not adversely impact the other two. Long term changes in the average weather patterns/ temperature. Often used interchangeably with ‘Global Warming “or “Green House Gas Effect” phrases and is linked to manmade acceleration of the amount of CO2 produced globally. This diagram to illustrates the historical rise in greenhouse gas emissions over the centuries.

Energy is deposited in a range of energy sources, which can be non-renewable or renewable. Renewable sources of energy are those that can be refilled in a short period of time, as opposed to non-renewable sources of energy. The use of renewable sources of energy is less polluting, compared to that of non-renewable sources. Specifically, increased dependence on renewable sources of energy is a key element of efforts to avert climate change. Renewable sources of energy today make an irrelevant contribution to total energy use, compared to that of non-renewable sources. A range of barriers hamper the widespread deployment of renewable energy technologies.

Air pollution changes our planet’s climate, but not all types of air pollution have the same effect. There are many different types of air pollution. Some types cause global warming to speed up. Others cause global warming to slow down by creating a temporary cooling effect for a few days or weeks. Read on the learn more about the pollution that causes Earth to warm and the pollution that causes Earth to cool. Beyond that, we are emitting such a high level of pollutants that they are causing serious global environmental problems: climate change and ozone depletion. The human race has become capable of affecting the atmosphere that encircles the Earth, and the very planet itself.

Powering cars with corn and burning wood to make electricity might seem like a way to lessen dependence on fossil fuels and help solve the climate crisis. But although some forms of bioenergy can play a helpful role, dedicating land specifically for generating bioenergy is unwise. It uses land needed for food production and carbon storage, it requires large areas to generate just a small amount of fuel, and it won’t typically cut greenhouse gas emissions.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. In 2013, CO2 accounted for about 82% of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. Carbon dioxide is naturally present in the atmosphere as part of the Earth's carbon cycle (the natural circulation of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, plants, and animals). Carbon dioxide is constantly being exchanged among the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface as it is both produced and absorbed by many microorganisms, plants, and animals. However, emissions and removal of CO2 by these natural processes tend to balance. 

The immensity of global warming can be discouraging and depressing. What can one person, or even one nation, do on their own to slow and reverse climate change? The good news is that we know exactly what needs to be done to stop climate change - and the technologies we need already exist. With the right policies at national and local levels, we would be able to deploy them on a large scale. 

Climate Change 2016 facilitates a unique platform for transforming potential ideas into great business. The present meeting/conference creates a global platform to connect global Entrepreneurs, Proposers and the Investors in the field of Climate and its allied sciences. This investment meet facilitates the most optimized and viable business for engaging people in to constructive discussions, evaluation and execution of promising business.