Day 3 :
Track: CO2 Capture and Sequestration
Track: Carbon cycle
Track: Climate Change & Coastal Stressors
Track: Renewable Energy to Mitigate Climate Change
Track: Solutions for Climate Change
Location: Valentia A
Chair
Dou Hongen
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China
Co-Chair
Carlos A. Gracia
University of Barcelona, Spain
Session Introduction
Dou Hongen
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development
China
Title: Status and prospect on CO2 capture and sequestration in China
Biography:
Dou Hong’en is a senior petroleum engineer at Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), PetroChina, Beijing, China. He has worked in the R&D area of oil and gas development and production since joining RIPED in June 1998. He was senior visiting scholar at the University of Tulsa in March to November 2010. He has published over 70 papers (including Chinese and English) He holds MS and PhD degree from the graduate school of RIPED, Beijing, China, and was a postdoctoral researcher at Beijing University of Aeronautic and Astronautics from 1998 to 2000. He serves as Technical Editor for SPEJ, and also as Technical Reviewer for Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. He won 2012 SPE Outstanding Technical Editor Award. He is as a committee member of SPE CO2 capture , utilization, and Storage (CCUS) from 2013 to present.
Abstract:
The paper presents the research achievements of CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration in China. Criteria of CO2 capture and geological sequestration (CCGS), CO2 capture and utilization sequestration (CCUS) both are established in China, including screening criteria of the sites of CO2 storage and storage security and risk assessment. Also, in order to study CO2 storage capacity at different reservoirs and regions in China, the paper modifys existing evaluation methods, and shows clearly what problems existing in the previous methodologies. China’s CO2 storage potential in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep brine-saturated formations and CO2-flooding enhanced-oil-recovery(CO2-EOR) and enhanced coalbed methane recovery(ECBM) are evaluated by means of the modified method. Various trapping mechanisms of CO2 storage are discussed in the paper. In addition, CCGS and CCUS technologies have been used to CCGS and CCUS (CO2-EOR) projects, CO2 geological storage project of Shenhua group in erdos basin, and CO2-EOR project of Jilin, Daqing, Shengli and Yanchang, both categories are introduced respectively. Final, prospect on China’s CCUS will be sighted, CO2 capture from coal-chemical plants where CO2 has high purity and its price is relative cheap, thus offering a good opportunity for implementing CO2-EOR. It is practice verified that CO2-EOR as a practical CCUS technology is a good practical and economical way for reducing CO2 emissions and enhancing oil recovery. The authors point out strategy of the CCUS technology R&D, innovation and low cost CO2 use technologies to deal with the present low oil crude price.
Ranajit Ghose
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Title: Laboratory scale monitoring of CO2 sequetartion using complex electrical conductivity and seismic property changes derived by seismic interferometry
Time : 09:20-09:40
Biography:
Ranajit Ghose is an Associate Professor at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. His areas of research interest are high-resolution seismic with focus on shear wave, near-surface and geotechnical geophysics, quantitative integrated approaches in geophysics, seismic attenuation, poro-elasticity and property estimation, seismic wave propagation in fractured media and anisotropy and monitoring CO2 sequestration. He is presently the Editor-in-Chief of the journal “Near Surface Geophysics”.
Abstract:
In order to realize and maintain a successful CO2 storage endeavor, a program of careful monitoring of the changes in reservoir properties is necessary. The way the reservoir properties change is generally case-specific, as such modifications are principally related to the distribution of pores, fluid composition, and the thermodynamic conditions. Of the various geophysical methods, so far seismic and electrical methods have been primarily used with varying success to monitor remotely the changes in a carbon capture and storage (CCS) reservoir. However, a quantitative characterization of the dynamic reservoir properties has remained difficult mainly due to three reasons. First, laboratory calibration of rock-physical models used to extract the reservoir properties from geophysical data is challenging. Second, quantitative and integrated geophysical approaches that are specifically sensitive to changes in fluid (supercritical CO2 and brine) saturation, salinity and pressure are yet to be developed. Third, the difficulty to capture reliably in surface measurements the seismic signature of the changes in a CCS reservoir without the unwanted effects of overburden changes has been an obstacle. In order to address these issues, we have developed a laboratory facility where simultaneous seismic and electrical measurements can be performed on a reservoir rock under realistic pressure and temperature conditions. Changing saturation and salinity could be quantified on dynamic measurements of complex electrical conductivity. Application of seismic interferometry could resolve changes in seismic velocity in the reservoir due to fluid substitution. The approach of joint inversion of these two data types can be applicable to realistic, quantitative field-monitoring.
Hu Yongle
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development
China
Title: Challenges in global CCS projects and coping strategy
Biography:
Dou Hong’en is a senior petroleum engineer at Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), PetroChina, Beijing, China. He has worked in the R&D area of oil and gas development and production since joining RIPED in June 1998. He was senior visiting scholar at the University of Tulsa in March to November 2010. He has published over 70 papers (including Chinese and English) He holds MS and PhD degree from the graduate school of RIPED, Beijing, China, and was a postdoctoral researcher at Beijing University of Aeronautic and Astronautics from 1998 to 2000. He serves as Technical Editor for SPEJ, and also as Technical Reviewer for Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. He won 2012 SPE Outstanding Technical Editor Award. He is as a committee member of SPE CO2 capture , utilization, and Storage (CCUS) from 2013 to present.
Abstract:
The paper invastigets main sources of CO2 emission and distribution of CO2 emission in the world, and point out a relationship of temperature change trend between CO2 concentration and CO2 emission amount on the earth. The paper reviews the global typical CCS projects in the decade, including scales of CO2 capture and storage, projects efforts and lessons learned, Our research shows that CCUS project is a system engineering, By systematic study of CCS chain, Challenges of CCS are divided into two categories. The first is technology and operation of CCS, including CO2 capture, pipeline and transportation, storage, and monitoring of the above each link and CO2 comprehensive management system. The second is various environments of implementing CCS, including public awareness, standards/criteria, policy ready and regulations/laws of the government, and risk evaluation, finance mechanism. Final, the authors focus on CCS’ technology innovation, standards, regulations and policies to put forward strategies coping with the above challenges. it is emphasized that government needs to lauch incentive tax policies and relative regulations between government and enterprice, enterprise and enterprice, the government must be a leading role in CCS/CCUS projects because global climate change is an event of the public concern in the present and the future. Further, eliminating green house gas effect is the biggest event for human beings, it has become the urgent matter that building alliance, sharing practical CCS technology realizes win-win between nations in the world for dealing with climate change.
Murray Moinester
Emeritus, Tel Aviv University
Israel
Title: Sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide as inorganic carbon in the unsaturated zone of semi-arid forests
Biography:
Murray Moinester, Emeritus Professor of Physics, received his Ph.D. from the University of Rochester in 1968, and then joined the faculty at Tel Aviv University. He served as guest professor for extended periods at many leading universities and accelerator laboratories, has extensive experience in experimental and computational methods, carried out many research programs in high energy particle and nuclear physics, published some 200 scientific papers in refereed journals, authored some 75 conference papers; worked as a patent writer, in the field of Archaeology on infrared imaging & scientific dating, on statistics analysis for the social sciences, and on climate engineering.
Abstract:
We propose tackling CO2 reduction using an economical and sustainable, low-tech method to reverse the secondary processes of deforestation, specifically in semi-arid regions. These areas, which comprise ~17% of the global land area, are characterized by erratic and low amounts (25-70 cm/yr) of precipitation, enough to support small trees. The Yatir forest in Israel is an example of reforestation in a semi-arid zone. The forest's trees act as pumps, taking in CO2 through stomatal apertures in their leaves, and then pumping out CO2 through root respiration underground into the thick water unsaturated zone (USZ). HCO3- bicarbonate in the resulting USZ aqueous solution interacts with soil minerals to form and then precipitate a variety of secondary carbonate salts. Radiocarbon dating proves that this sequestration is long term. Consider a volume in the USZ of this forest (1 square km area, 6 m depth). Our measurements show that the carbonate salt precipitation within this volume of sediment is approximately equivalent to 37.8 tons CO2 per year.The world's semi-arid zones cover approximately 23. million square km. Taking Yatir forest data to be representative, our very rough potential global CO2 annual sequestration rate estimate in the world's (to be planted) semi-arid forests is then ~1 billion tons CO2/yr, precipitated as inorganic carbonate salts within the USZ. This value represents ~5% of the 20 billion tons CO2/yr rate by which the CO2 in the atmosphere is currently increasing. Our estimates should be checked and refined by extending the Yatir forest studies to other semi-arid regions.
Lili Wei
Chinese Academy of Science
China
Title: Do Arbuscular mycrorhize fungi stimulate or retard the decomposition of organic residue in soil
Biography:
Lili Wei has completed his PhD from Xiamen University (China) and postdoctoral studies from Griffith University and The University of Queensland (Australia).She is an associate professor of the Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science. She has published nearly 20 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most widespread obligate biotrophic plant symbionts and their extra-radical hyphae have the potential in the regulation of carbon (C) cycling by enhancing soil aggregation or by stimulating priming effect. When exposed to the elevated CO2,hyphae growth and colonization rate were increased, and consequently lead to more profound effects on C cycling. However, previous studies on AMF functions in the decomposition of organic C have focused on hyphosphere (i.e. at presence of hyphae), very limited information is available formyco rhizosphere (i.e. at presence of roots and hyphae). This study was set to test the differences in organic matter decomposition (indicated by CO2 efflux) between myco rhizosphere and hyphosphere. Two microcosm experiments were carried out using rhizobox method to separate soil environment into root- and hyphae-compartment. AMF inoculation induced an increase of CO2 efflux from the root-compartment, while there was no change in the hyphae-compartment. Stable C isotope analyses combing with the soil microbial abundance analys is indicated that the increased production of CO2 in root-compartment was related to the increase of the exudates (i.e. the easy decomposed organic C input) from roots which stimulated by AMF. The crucial role of AMF presence in C cycling was confirmed with differential CO2 efflux associated with mycorhizosphere vs hyphosphere environment.
Carlos A Gracia
University of Barcelona, Spain
Title: Carbon stocks and fluxes in the Andean treeline of Polylepis reticulata in Ecuador: Present balance and projected values for the XXI century
Time : 11:00-11:20
Biography:
Carlos A Gracia is the Professor at the Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona. The ecophysiological responses of forest ecosystems to climate change, primary production, water and carbon balance are the core of his research work. He is the author of GOTILWA+, a process-based forest growth simulation model under different climate change scenarios. He has been the Vice-President of the Spanish Society of Terrestrial Ecology (AEET) and Member of the Directory Board of the Spanish Society of Forest Science (SECF), Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the European Forest Institute (EFI). Since January 2014, he has joined the Prometeo fellowship from the SENESCYT (Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación) of Ecuador at the University of Cuenca (Azuay, Ecuador).
Abstract:
Trees in the tropical and subtropical mountains of South America are able to develop at high elevation, with some species forming the highest tree-line in the world at 5200m. Under these unique environmental conditions, only evergreen trees of the genus Polylepis are able to subsist. Polylepis reticulata is a very slow growth tree. The strategy of these trees to survive in such unfavorable conditions has been analyzed in the Cajas National Park (Azuay, Ecuador). In this work we measure for the first time, the carbon stocks and fluxes, particularly GPP, NPP, respiration and carbon allocation of Polylepis reticulata growing over 4000 m of altitude. From dendrometric measurements we have estimated the age of some trees (around 30 cm in diameter) to be more than 400 years. The temperature increase and changes in the rainfall pattern in these areas of the Andean cordillera can modify substantially the carbon fluxes between the forest and the atmosphere. From the 1151gC.m-2 year-1 uptake as GPP, 888gC.m-2 year-1 is returned to the atmosphere as growth and maintenance respiration. Most of the carbon retained as NPP is allocated to the leaves (194 from the 263 gCm-2 year-1). To produce one kg of dry biomass these trees transpire 5m3 of water. The physiological response of P. reticulata under different RCP scenarios (IPCC, 2013) has been simulated using the GOTILWA+ model. The results show drastic changes in all the scenarios. For example growing under the RCP 2.6, at the end of the present century the NPP is projected to increase up to 362 gCm-2 year-1 but, at the same time, the carbon allocated to leaves increase up to 325 gCm-2 year-1 or 90 per cent of the NPP. In that scenario the water used to grow 1 kg of dry matter is projected to increase up to 20 m3. The exploration of other climate scenarios shows more drastic changes that put at risk the survival of this emblematic species endemic of the Andean cordillera.
Rafael Camarillo Blas
University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
Title: Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide by means of different titania-based catalysts synthesized with high pressure fluids
Biography:
Rafael Camarillo is an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering in University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Although he completed his PhD about wastewater treatment with membrane processes, he has extended his area of interest to different operations with supercritical fluids (regeneration of used frying oils, extraction of valuable compounds from wastes, etc.). In last decade his group has specialized in CO2 conversion through photo- and electro-catalysts obtained under supercritical conditions. He has published about 30 papers in reputed journals and has attended 47 international and national congresses (16 oral and 50 poster presentations).
Abstract:
According to the latest IPCC Climate Change Synthesis Report the human influence on the climate is clear, being recent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) the highest in the history. In particular, CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion contributed about 78% of the total GHG emission increase from 1970 to 2010, and these GHG emissions are expected to grow in all sectors. In order to reduce emissions and mitigate storage concerns, conversion technologies utilize the emitted CO2 to produce other valuable products usually through catalytic chemical reactions. Given the high stability of CO2 molecule, there is need for processes with high conversion and yield. These objectives can be achieved with improved catalysts and reaction systems designs. Our group has acquired experience in photo-catalytic reduction of CO2. In this sense, we have taken advantage of the special properties of compressed fluids (they can diffuse through solids like a gas but dissolve materials like a liquid) as particle formation media to synthesize TiO2-based catalysts with enhanced features. In particular, the photo-catalytic behavior of TiO2 can be improved with the dispersion of metal atoms (Pt, Pd and Cu). This process has been undertaken simultaneously with supercritical synthesis in our ad hoc design experimental set-up, obtaining metal-doped TiO2 with high surface area, crystallization degree, hydroxyl concentration, large pore volume, improved absorbance in visible range, etc. As a result, they show higher conversion rates than commercial catalyst (22-fold in methane and 5-fold in CO) in reduction experiments developed in an ad hoc designed experimental set-up.
Jose Sanchez Del Rio
Alter Technology, Spain
Title: Advanced electronics for space and studies on climate change
Biography:
Jose Sanchez Del Rio Saez has been working in Biotechnology with photonic biosensors for more than 4 years. He completed his PhD in photonic bio-sensing and DNA mutations detection at Madrid Microelectronics Institute (IMM-CNM-CSIC). Then he worked in a private company as a patent researcher in Biometrics and novel sensors and after as a Post-doc in the Face Recognition and Artificial Vision (FRAV) group of the Computer and Statistics department at Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC). He has done 2 Post-docs in the Nuclear Physics Department at the Matter Structure Institute (IEM-CSIC) and was specialized in high energy ions, protons and gamma radiation detection. Currently, he is working as a SW/HW testing engineer in the aerospace field for Alter Technology.
Abstract:
In order to determine the most suitable capacitors that may satisfy the different Climate Change field applications demands, we have searched, between the different manufacture companies in today’s market, the most reliable, miniaturized and high temperature resistant silicon capacitors. With the recent progress in the 3D Silicon Capacitors, this technique was the best candidate for manufacturing capacitors with such characteristics. In this paper, an evaluation and testing analysis of three different families of PIC 3D silicon capacitors is presented. Following tests were supported by these silicon capacitors: Voltage and thermals step stress, accelerated life endurance and environmental tests including mechanical vibrations, mechanical and thermal shocks and cross section analysis. Furthermore, radiation tests with gamma radiation and heavy ions in order to study the Single Event Effect (SEE) were performed. It is concluded that their excellent behavior to these tests makes them highly suitable for Space and Climate Change applications.
Zeynep Zaimoglu
Cukurova University, Turkey
Title: Framework agreement on climate change and humans responsibilities
Biography:
Zeynep Zaimoglu has completed her PhD in Agricultural structure and irrigation at Cukurova University in 1999. She has published more than 13 international, 8 national and in addition to writing 2 educational books. Her expertise includes watershed management, water resources, constructed wetland, soil and ground water pollution, soil pollution and water treatment in constructed wetlands. She is an ERA-NET on Sustainable Animal Production evaluation committee. She is Professor at Cukurova University since 2013.
Abstract:
Climate change which emerges as a result of global warming is one of the main problems human being faces in 21st century. Because of its negative effects that can pose a big threat such as human health, ecosystems, even increase in new generations the climate change which is regarded as a problem causing very serious socio-economic results has much importance in the international platform especially in recent years. It is scientifically proven that countries located in Mediterranean Basin including our own country will be affected from climate change seriously. In Paris summit (2015) enough countries agreed to support the agreement about the new climate regime that is about to set up and the emission increase rate was restricted. The aim of this is to restrict the emission increase rate. It was agreed to put the law into force that was accepted in COP 21 (2015) from 2020 on. Our country thinks that the new system should be fair which evaluates every country with its own socio-economic data. In other words, all of the countries in the new regime should take responsibilities according to the principle “common but differentiated responsibilities” and “specific opportunity and abilities”. But the new protocol which will be accepted with the agreement should be in harmony with necessity and realities of the 21st century, the idea that responsibilities demand dynamic quality should be taken into consideration. In this study, strategies about climate change in Turkey and possible precautions that can be taken as a result of Paris summit are mentioned. Turkey is making the necessary arrangements in harmony with the development aims, improving the cooperation among other countries, joining the influential participation to the national and international studies in order to prevent previous negative experiences, compensate the current loss, leave a clean environment for the next generations.
Jordi Sandalinas
Toulouse 1 Capitole University, France
Title: Use of Satellite Imagery, Remote Sensing and GIS Related Technologies to improve sustainability of marine ecosystems. Special reference to Copernicus /MyOcean program
Biography:
Jordi Sandalinas is a PhD Candidate at University of Toulouse 1 Capitole and serves as an External Research Assistant for the Space Institute of Research, Innovation and Uses of Satellites. He has participated in many lectures related to space law and published articles in this regard. He also obtained in 2012 an award of the Best Legal Communication during the Toulouse Space Show Symposium. He is the Founder of Sandalinas Advocats and Image Sea Solutions, an environment consultant company devoted to marine environment protection and risk prevention.
Abstract:
Remote sensing is understood as a hardware association related to Satellite Earth Observation technology and Earth Observation activities are those identified with the use of remote sensing equipment to provide data on earth observation and global climate change. For Earth observation satellites, technological advancements will lead to better resolution, increase in observation area and reduction in access time, i. e time taken between the request of an image by the user and its delivery. Plans for future missions and instruments include entirely new types of measurement technology, such as hyperspectral sensors, cloud radars, lidars and polarimetric sensors that will provide new insights into key parameters of atmospheric temperature and moisture, soil moisture and ocean salinity. Several new gravity field missions aimed at more precise determination of the marine geo id will also be launched in the future. These missions will also focus on disaster management and studies of key Earth System processes – the water cycle, carbon cycle, cryosphere, the role of clouds and aerosols in global climate change and sea level rise. Effectively, in this regard the so-called Group on Earth Observations gathered different member countries and non-governmental entities aiming to provide for initiatives beneficial for the humankind by applying also a global system of systems named the Global Earth Observation System of Systems.
Michal Zgrzebnicki
West Pomeranian University of Technology, Poland
Title: Study of ash removal from activated carbon and its result on CO2 sorption capacity
Biography:
MichaÅ‚ Zgrzebnicki has graduated from West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland in 2016. He has been working in Polish-Norwegian research project called “Post-Combustion CO2 Capture on New Solid Sorbents and Application in a Moving Bed Reactor” since February 2015.
Abstract:
It is being observed that average temperature on Earth increases each year. This phenomenon can be explained by a theory known as a greenhouse effect. Thermal radiation, which is being emitted from the Earth’s surface, is being absorbed by molecules in the atmosphere. Mainly, these molecules are methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor. The greater their concentration in the atmosphere, the more thermal radiation is being absorbed. To mitigate further intensification of the greenhouse effect by reducing CO2 emission, some technologies are being developed. They are known as a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). One of those technologies is post-combustion capture of CO2 on solid sorbents, like activated carbon (AC). AC is a porous material with well developed specific surface area. It is obtained through carbonization of a precursor with predominating carbon element and next activation- physical, chemical or combined. Depending on precursor’s source, the amount of impurities, also known as ash, in final AC may vary from less than 1 wt% to even 15 wt%. Nevertheless, the content of these impurities might be lowered in sorbent by acid treatment. AC BA11 delivered by Carbon, Poland contains 11 wt% of inorganic impurities. Acid treatment (HCl, HNO3 and HF) was performed to remove ash and its result on CO2 sorption capacity was measured for each sample. Samples were characterized in terms of texture (BET) and chemical composition (XRF, XRD and XPS). The highest enhancement of 44% CO2 sorption capacity was achieved for activated carbon after hydrofluoric acid treatment.
Marian Mierla
Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development, Romania
Title: Reed biomass carbon sequestration potential within the Danube Delta Biosphere Reseve
Biography:
Marian Mierla has completed his PhD from “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University. He works as scientific researcher within the Informational System and Geomatics Department. He has published more than 28 papers in reputed journals. His research work is related with the geographical information system analysis of environmental issues and elements in order to obtain more unrevealed information. He has 14 years of experience working with geospatial data. He has been actively involved in a number of large European research projects sponsored by the European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
Abstract:
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve is situated in the South-East part of Romania. It is rich in biological diversity and consists in Danube Delta and surroundings. It is well-known that the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve has the largest compact reed-bed from the entire Europe. This paper presents an efficient way to estimate the biomass for the entire potential reed areas from the territory of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (D.D.B.R.). The data that were used for accomplishing this study consist in LiDAR data with the focus on the vegetation heigh and orthophotos in Infra Red spectrum division, with 0.25 m resolution. These data were used in order to highlight the reed vegetation by knowing the vegetation heigh and its chlorophyllian activity. After elaborating the map of potential reed areas, the biomass amount for each region was calculated. Having these numbers and using a specific ratio it could be revealed the amount of sequestered carbon within reed vegetation. On the D.D.B.R.’s territory there are areas that are used for reed harvesting every year for constructions. Thus, it is important to know the potential of reed in carbon sequestration in order to mitigate climate change.
Mingqiang Hao
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, China
Title: CO2 EOR and sequestration technologies in Petro China
Biography:
Mingqiang Hao is currently working at Petro China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, China. Mingqiang Hao research interests are CO2 Capture and Sequestration, Climate Change and Health etc.
Abstract:
CO2 flooding technologies which can reduce CO2 emission while enhancing oil recovery, is the best way to realize CO2 emission in present economic and technology condition. Therefore, the major oil companies and some government organizations have keep an eye on it. China conducted laboratory study of CO2 flooding in Daqing Oil Field and Shengli’Oil Field in the mid of 1960s. Some pilot tests were conducted in Daqing Oil Field, Jiangsu Oil Field and Shengli Oil Field in the mid of 1990s. But eventually the CO2 flooding technology was developing slowly in some reasons such as the lack of natural CO2 resources in China, the prominent contradiction of gas channeling. During the 10th five-year planning stage, a large number of high CO2 reservoirs have been found in Songliao Basin. The following, some national projects, company projects and oil field company projects were implemented to restart tackling the key problem of the CO2 flooding technology for the characteristics of our continental reservoirs and significant technology achievements have been achieved. The results show that besides C2-Câ¶, C7-C15 also has strong ability of mass transfer and it is useful for phase mixing. We have synthesized hydrocarbon surface active agent CAE to reduce the MMP and defined a new hydrocarbon component factor Xf=(C2-C15)/ (C1+N2+C16+) that better describe the relationship between component and MMP. Promoted and applied WAG injection, and development indices variation, such as gas/oil ratio, replacement ratio, and water content for CO2 flooding in high water cut reservoirs were. We also established WAG flooding characteristic curve equation that includes the effect of miscible phase degree; uniform replacement in heterogeneous reservoir could be reached through adjustment of injection-production ratio. Two separated layer gas flooding processes are conducted and then transformed from commingled gas injection to separated layer gas flooding technology. We developed an on-line anti-corrosion monitoring system, core lift equipments and three kinds of effective lift technology. Studied on the phase characteristic of CO2 under different velocity and impurity were conducted, and we established the optimization method and process of pipeline design. Several technologies like circularity water, gas/ liquid mixture transportation, centralized separation and measurement, airtight gathering and transportation, and studied on separation and purification technologies and formed three kinds of CO2 flooding produced gas injection technologies are formed. CO2 geological storage capacity calculation method was formulated to compute the relative parameters. We also collected CO2 emission data for more than 600 enterprises in eight major industries, and conducted primary plan of sinks and sources matching features. And some pilots were conducted in block Hei59, Hei79, Hei46 of Daqingzijing Oil Field, the oil recovery can improve more than 10%, and the CO2 geological sequestration rate is above 90%.
Biography:
Elnaz Roshan is a Doctoral candidate in Economics at University of Hamburg and at International Max Planck Research School in Earth System Modeling. She started her PhD in August 2014 and this work is a part of her Doctoral research.
Abstract:
Solar radiation management (SRM) might be able to alleviate the anthropogenic global mean temperature rise but unable to do so for other climate variables such as precipitation, particularly with respect to regional disparities. Here we evaluate the optimal trade-off between SRM and mitigation by applying cost-risk analysis (CRA) with the probabilistic knowledge about climate sensitivity density distribution. CRA trades off the expected welfare-loss from climate policies costs against the climate risks from overshooting an environmental target. Using the spatial resolution of ‘Giorgi regions’, we generalize CRA in order to represent the regional precipitation risks as a prominent side-effect of SRM. We introduce three scenarios, considering alternative relative weights of risks: temperature-risk-only, precipitation-risk-only, and equally weighted both-risks scenarios. Our results suggest that, by considering regional precipitation risks in optimization, SRM in conjunction with mitigation would only save about a half of welfare-loss (in terms of BGE) compared to mitigation-only analysis. In temperature-risk-only scenario, perfect compliance with 2°C-temperature target is achieved while a very high precipitation risk in half of the regions is demonstrated. In precipitation-risk-only and both-risks scenarios, temperature is complied with its threshold for about 95% of all numerical representative climate sensitivities in 2100. However, expected regional precipitation risk would increase at least in four regions compared to mitigation- only portfolio.
Elnaz Roshan
University of Hamburg, Germany
Title: Long-Tailed climate sensitivity probability density distributions
Biography:
Elnaz Roshan is a Doctoral candidate in Economics at University of Hamburg and at International Max Planck Research School in Earth System Modeling. She started her PhD in August 2014 and this work is a part of her Doctoral research.
Abstract:
Solar radiation management (SRM) might be able to alleviate the anthropogenic global mean temperature rise but unable to do so for other climate variables such as precipitation, particularly with respect to regional disparities. Here we evaluate the optimal trade-off between SRM and mitigation by applying cost-risk analysis (CRA) with the probabilistic knowledge about climate sensitivity density distribution. CRA trades off the expected welfare-loss from climate policies costs against the climate risks from overshooting an environmental target. Using the spatial resolution of ‘Giorgi regions’, we generalize CRA in order to represent the regional precipitation risks as a prominent side-effect of SRM. We introduce three scenarios, considering alternative relative weights of risks: temperature-risk-only, precipitation-risk-only, and equally weighted both-risks scenarios. Our results suggest that, by considering regional precipitation risks in optimization, SRM in conjunction with mitigation would only save about a half of welfare-loss (in terms of BGE) compared to mitigation-only analysis. In temperature-risk-only scenario, perfect compliance with 2°C-temperature target is achieved while a very high precipitation risk in half of the regions is demonstrated. In precipitation-risk-only and both-risks scenarios, temperature is complied with its threshold for about 95% of all numerical representative climate sensitivities in 2100. However, expected regional precipitation risk would increase at least in four regions compared to mitigation- only portfolio.
Mohammad Mohammadi Khabbazan
University of Hamburg, Germany
Title: Decarbonizing the global economy – An integrated assessment of low carbon emission scenarios
Biography:
Mohammad Mohammadi Khabbazan is Associate Researcher and Scientific Programmer at Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Cluster of Excellence (CliSAP), at University of Hamburg. He acquired his PhD in Economics from Tarbiat Modares University (Tehran) in 2015 and wrote his thesis on “The economic effects of sanctions on Iran’s Economy”. His main research interests focus on Political Economics, International and Trade Economics, Economics of Climate Change, Natural Resource and Energy Economics, Integrated Assessment Modeling, General Equilibrium Theory and Agent-Based Modeling.
Abstract:
Given damages from climate change are highly uncertain and have the potential to be catastrophic; the precautionary principle provides a strong incentive to policymakers for mitigating of and adapting to climate change. In 2015 the Conference of the Parties (COP 21) agreed on pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels while finding no consent on decarbonizing the global economy and instead, the final agreement called for enhanced scientific investigation of "low carbon emission scenarios." While many studies focus on carbon concentration, targeting low carbon emission can be considered as one innovation of this paper, which is also more in line with recent climate policy proposals. We employ a cost-effectiveness analysis using the coupled climate-energy-economy integrated assessment model of investment and endogenous technological Development (MIND), which consists of a one-box climate module with ocean heat uptake, a stylized energy sector module and a Ramsey-type economic growth module. To better capture ocean sink, we extended MIND's climate module to the two-box version by the Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE). Our results indicate recent climate policy proposals might not comply with the 1.5° C target, and even achieving the 2°C target is prohibitively expensive. Specifically, we find decarbonizing the global economy by 2080 seems to become feasible at a cost of 0.59 percent in terms of Balanced Growth Equivalents, if the investments in renewable energy production peak at more than 2 percent of global gross domestic product in 2040 and decline thereafter.
Mohammad Mohammadi Khabbazan
University of Hamburg, Germany
Title: Decarbonizing the global economy – An integrated assessment of low carbon emission scenarios
Biography:
Mohammad Mohammadi Khabbazan is Associate Researcher and Scientific Programmer at Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Cluster of Excellence (CliSAP), at University of Hamburg. He acquired his PhD in Economics from Tarbiat Modares University (Tehran) in 2015 and wrote his thesis on “The economic effects of sanctions on Iran’s Economy”. His main research interests focus on Political Economics, International and Trade Economics, Economics of Climate Change, Natural Resource and Energy Economics, Integrated Assessment Modeling, General Equilibrium Theory and Agent-Based Modeling.
Abstract:
Given damages from climate change are highly uncertain and have the potential to be catastrophic; the precautionary principle provides a strong incentive to policymakers for mitigating of and adapting to climate change. In 2015 the Conference of the Parties (COP 21) agreed on pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels while finding no consent on decarbonizing the global economy and instead, the final agreement called for enhanced scientific investigation of "low carbon emission scenarios." While many studies focus on carbon concentration, targeting low carbon emission can be considered as one innovation of this paper, which is also more in line with recent climate policy proposals. We employ a cost-effectiveness analysis using the coupled climate-energy-economy integrated assessment model of investment and endogenous technological Development (MIND), which consists of a one-box climate module with ocean heat uptake, a stylized energy sector module and a Ramsey-type economic growth module. To better capture ocean sink, we extended MIND's climate module to the two-box version by the Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE). Our results indicate recent climate policy proposals might not comply with the 1.5° C target, and even achieving the 2°C target is prohibitively expensive. Specifically, we find decarbonizing the global economy by 2080 seems to become feasible at a cost of 0.59 percent in terms of Balanced Growth Equivalents, if the investments in renewable energy production peak at more than 2 percent of global gross domestic product in 2040 and decline thereafter.
Chime Youdon
Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
Title: China’s participation in climate change negotiation
Biography:
Chime Youdon is a PhD candidate in Centre for European Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University. She is currently working on her PhD thesis titled “The European Union and China in Climate Change Negotiations: From Copenhagen (2009) to Paris (2015). She has completed her MPhil dissertation, titled “The EU-China Strategic Partnership: Arms Embargo and Human Rights”. She has participated in many national and international conferences. Her areas of research interest are climate change, foreign policy, gender issues, human rights and the EU and China Strategic Interest and Tibet and China-related issues.
Abstract:
For China, the environment was a neglected issue for a long time while emissions continued to rise because of its rapid industrialization and urbanization. A modest shift has taken place in Beijing’s approach to environmental governance. China had moved from a state of ignorance and denial about the possibility of global climate change to a situation where the Chinese leadership recognises its growing importance. In reality, China is already the world’s largest Green House Gas emitter. China’s environmental problems are mounting. Water pollution and scarcity are burdening the economy. Rising levels of air pollution are endangering the health of millions of Chinese. As China’s pollution increases, so do the risks to its economy, health, stability and international reputation. While, China argued that since developed countries polluted the atmosphere as they become wealthy, so they ought to reduce their emission before they expect China to do so. In a way, China does not want to bind GHG emission targets until China becomes a wealthy and developed nation. However, under a plan submitted to the UN ahead of crucial climate change talks in Paris November 2015, China aimed to cut its greenhouse gas emission per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) by 60-65 percent from 2005 levels. However, the core question is: will China make a commitment to the reduction targets set at COP21? The total aggregate size of China and its growing assimilation with the rest of the world mean that what it does or does not do in the environmental sphere will increasingly impact the world. Thus, climate diplomacy has become an essential component of Chinese foreign policy with its growing ambition to become a major world power. Above all, the response to the existential threat posed by a global warming was subdued by the priority given to economic growth. The politics of climate change becomes no more than a means to the end of economic development and growth. In this backdrop, this research seeks to analyze the role and performance of China in climate change negotiations.